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Background@#Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe.Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. @*Objective@#This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. @*Methods@#Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. @*Results@#The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). @*Conclusions@#Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.
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Objective Comparation of the effects of intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine on coughing during extubation after endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods 60 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy were randomly divided into group L, group D and group C, each group included 20 cases. Group L were given a loading lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg over 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/ (kg·h) until 30 min before the end of surgery. Group D were given a loading dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg over 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/ (kg · h) until 30 min before the end of surgery. Group C were given intravenous infusion of equal volume normal saline. The incidence and severity of coughing were recorded within 2 minutes after extubation. Hemodynamic variables were measured at T0 (before anaesthesia induction) , T1 (immediately after extubation) , and T2 (5 min after extubation). The volume of drainage was recorded within 24 hours after surgery. Results The incidence and grade of cough were significantly lower in group L and group D than in group C (P < 0.05). Compared with group L and group D, MAP and HR were significantly increased in group C at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the volume of drainage was significantly reduced in group L and group D within 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine can effectively inhibit coughing during extubation period after endoscopic thyroidectomy, and there is no significant difference between the two treatments.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine on postopera-tive cytokine response after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods We enrolled 80 women with American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical statusⅠandⅡ,aged 35-68,and scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly assigned into CON group,LIDO group,DEX group and LI-DO + DEX group(n=25 in each group). The four groups received an Ⅳ bolus infusion of normal saline,lido-caine,dexmedetomidine,and lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine respectively,over 10 minutes before in-duction of anesthesia,followed by a continuous IV infusion of normal saline,lidocaine,dexmedetomidine,and li-docaine combined with dexmedetomidine until abdominal wound closure,respectively.Interleukin-6 and tumor ne-crosis factor-α levels in serum were measured before administration of drugs(T1),at the end of surgery(T2),post-operative 2 hour(T3)and postoperative 24 hour(T4). Results Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum were higher at T2,T3and T4in the four groups. Compared to those in CON group,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in DEX and DEX+LIDO group were significantly decreased at T2,T3and T4(P<0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum in LIDO group were also decreased at T2,T3and T4,but there was no significant difference between CON group and LIDO group(P > 0.05). Compared to that in LIDO group,tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum in DEX group was significantly decreased at T3and T4;interleukin-6 level in serum in DEX group was significantly decreased at T2,T3and T4(P<0.05).Interleukin-6 and tumor ne-crosis factor-α levels in serum in DEX+LIDO group were the lowest compared to those in other three groups at T2,T3and T4(P < 0.05). Recovery time and extubation time were significantly prolonged between DEX group and DEX + LIDO group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine infusion significantly decrease postoperative cytokine response and this may be attributed to the anti-inflammation effects of dexmedetomi-dine and lidocaine.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO2pneumoperitoneum on postoperative gastroeuteric function in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods A total of 120 female patients,aged 30-60 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly into three groups (n=40 in each).The pressure of CO2pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-11 and 12-14 mm Hg in group L,group M and group H,respectively.All patients were detected on an empty stomach of serum concentrations of D-lactic acid 6 hours before operation and after opration.In addition,pH,PaCO2and PaO2were recor-ded before anesthesia (T1),before pneumoperitoneum (T2),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T3)2 hours after pneumoperitoneum (T4)and 1 hour (T5)after stopping pneumoperitoneum.The time of pneumoperitoneum,the time of first flatus,intake and defecation,length of primary hospital stays after operation were recorded.Results Compared with 6 hours before operation,the serum concen-trations of D-lactic acid were obviously increased at postoperative 6 hours in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with group L,the serum concentrations of D-lactic acid at 6 hours after operation were ob-viously increased in group M and group H (P<0.05).PaO2in three groups was not different at T1-T5.Compared with group L,pH at T3,T4was significantly decreased in group M and group H (P<0.05).Compared with group L,PaCO2was significantly increased at T3-T5in group M and group H (P<0.05 ).Compared with group L,the time of first flatus,intake and defecation,length of primary hospital stays after operation were obviously delayed in group M and group H(P<0.05). Conclusion The low pressure of CO2pneumoperitoneum can reduce the damage of CO2pneumoper-itoneum on postoperative gastroeuteric function and avail the recovery of parents’postoperative gas-troeutericfunction in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on early postoperative cognitive function in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic sur-gery.Methods Ninety female patients,aged 40-60 years,ASA physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ,scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30). The pressure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-1 1 and 12-14 mm Hg in groups L,M and H,respectively.All of the patients were tested by the neuropsychology and questionnaire review to estimate whether the patient got cognitive decline at 24 h before the operation.The venous blood sam-ples 10 minutes before anesthesia (T1 ),at the end of surgery (T2 ),6 hours after surgery (T3 ),24 hours after surgery (T4 )and 72 hours after surgery (T5 )were collected for determination of serum concentrations of NSE and S100βprotein.The pH,PaCO 2 and PaO 2 were recorded before anesthesia (Ta ),before pneumoperitoneum (Tb ),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (Tc ),2 hours after pneumo-peritoneum (Td )and 1 hour after stopping pneumoperitoneum (Te ).Results Scores of these tests in three groups were not different and there was no patient with cognitive decline after surgery.Com-pared with group H,the concentration of NSE at T2 and T3 was significantly lower in groups L and M (P <0.05).Compared with group H,the concentration of S100βprotein at T2 was significantly lower in groups L and M (P <0.05).Compared with group L,pH at Tc and Td was significantly decreased in groups M and H (P <0.05).Compared with group L,PaCO 2 was significantly increased at Tc-Te in groups M and H (P <0.05).Conclusion Different pressure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum has no ob-vious effect on the early cognitive function,but low (6-8 mm Hg)CO 2 pneumoperitoneum can reduce the release of NSE and S100βprotein after operation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum on function of liver and kidney in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.Methods A total of sixty pa-tients,aged 40-65 years,scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=20).The pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-11 and 12-14 mm Hg in group L,group M and group H respectively.The venous blood samples before pneumoperitoneum (T1 ),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum(T2 ),2 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T3 ),1 hour(T4 )and 24 hours(T5 )after stopping pneumoperitoneum were collected for determination of serum concentrations of NAG,Cys-C, ALT,AST,Cr,BUN and the amount of urine.pH,PaCO2 ,PaO2 were recorded at T1-T4 .Results ALT, AST,Cr and BUN were not different at T1-T5 in the three groups.Compared with group L,the concentra-tion of NAG and Cys-C at T2-T5 were significantly higher in the group M and H (P <0.05).Compared with group L,the amount of urine at T2-T5 was significantly lower in the group M and H (P <0.05 ), PaCO2 was significantly increased in the group H and M at T2-T4 (P <0.05).Conclusion The pressure of 6-8 mm Hg CO2 pneumoperitoneum can alleviate the damage of function of liver and kidney in patients un-dergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.
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Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor of male population in the West.Via binding to androgen response element in the genome and interacting with co-regulators,androgen receptor can participate in the development of prostate cancer and the convertion from androgen dependent prostate cancer to androgen independent prostate cancer.Chromatin immunoprecipitation ,coupled with PCR , chip,and high-throughput sequencing ,makes a huge progress in the study on the downstream target genes of androgen receptor and provide a new way to understand the molecular mechanisms of castration -resistant prostate cancer.
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The species of bromine and iodine in aerosol samples were extracted using ultra-pure water-ultrasonic method with different time in-length and pressurizing decomposition with dilute ammonia, respectively. The efficiency of extraction and the stability of bromine and iodine species were compared under different extraction) conditions. Results showed that(1) the efficiency of extraction using pressurizing decomposition, which might destroy some unknown form of organic iodine, was relatively higher than the one by ultrasonic method;(2) I~- was unstable in added standard cellular blank filter during ultrasonic assisted extraction for long time;(3) The optimum condition was ultra-pure water-ultrasonic assisted extraction for 5 min. Moreover), the suitability of glass microfiber filter(GF) and cellular filter(CF) during extraction for bromine and iodine) species in aerosol was also compared, which indicated that GF is favorable for species analysis than CF under different kinds of extraction conditions. Based upon the extraction results, HPLC-ICP-MS approach was developed to analyze bromine and iodine) species in atmospheric aerosol. The total iodine, bromine and species in the aerosol samples collected in Hefei were then determined accordingly. The levels of total bromine and iodine) in Hefei aerosols were 883 and 231 pmol/m~3, respectively. Br~- was found to be dominant species with 68%, while BrO_3~- was undetectable. 70% of total iodine occurred as unidentified forms including soluble organic) iodine and insoluble iodine.